John James Audubon
(1785 - 1851)
Evening Grosbeak, Spotted Grosbeak
Etching with aquatint
39 9/16 x 26 3/8 inches
Inscribed upper left, No75, and upper right, PLATE CCCLXXIII, and lower plate, Evening Grosbeak, / FRINGILLA VESPERTINA, Cooper. / Old Male 1, Drawn from Nature
PROVENANCE
• Queen Adelaide (1792-1849), (neé Princess Adelheid of Saxe-Meiningen), wife of King William of England
• THE SECOND SUBSCRIBER, “Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Clarence” as listed in Audubon’s list of subscribers, preceded by King George IV (see Fries p.178-80)
• By descent to the subscriber’s brother Duke Bernhard II Ehrich Freund of Saxe-Meiningen (1800-1882), as stated in Queen Adelaide’s testament, all engraved plates go to Bernhard II (“alle Kupferstiche gehen an Bernhard”), the work is also mentioned in the inventory of the Ducal Library in 1850
• By descent to the present owner the Ducal Family of Saxe-Meiningen


LITERATURE
• Ayer / Zimmer, pp.18-20
• Copenhagen / Anker 17, 18 (Ornithological Biography)
• Ellis / Mengel 96 (OB)
• Fine Bird Books, p.57
• Waldemar H. Fries, The Double Elephant Folio (Chicago 1973)
• Susanne M. Low, An Index and Guide to Audubon’s Birds of America (New York 1988)
• Susanne M. Low, Catalogue of the New Birds of America Section of the Audubon Archives (New York 1993)
• Susanne M. Low, A Guide to Audubon’s Birds of America (New Haven and New York 2002)
• McGill / Wood, p. 209
• Nissen IVB 49

Biography of the Artist

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